Table of Contents for Near Eastern Archaeology 88.2 (2025)

Table of Contents for Near Eastern Archaeology 88.2 (June 2025)

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Pp. 88–95: “Megiddo, the Mother of All Tells: An Introduction” by Israel Finkelstein and Matthew J. Adams

In this introduction the authors describe the goals of the Tel Aviv University Expedition team on the outset of the project thirty years ago and ask whether they have been fulfilled. Special emphasis is given to the unique Megiddo Strato-Ceramic-Radiocarbon chain of actions. The stratigraphy of Megiddo is also summarized.

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Pp. 96-101: “A Brief History of Excavations at Megiddo” by Eric H. Cline

This article provides a brief history of the four archaeological expeditions to Megiddo, including the excavation areas and methodology of each, as well as some of their major finds. The survey begins with Gottlieb Schumacher (1903–1905), continues with the University of Chicago (1925–1939), followed by Yigael Yadin/Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1960 and early 1970s), and ends with a brief overview of the Tel Aviv University Consortium (1994–present).

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Pp. 102-111: “Vegetation and Climate of Megiddo and Its Surroundings during the Bronze and Iron Ages” by Dafna Langgut

This survey article seeks to reconstruct the environmental and climatic conditions at Tel Megiddo during the Bronze and Iron Ages. It aims to illuminate both the natural and man-made landscape of the site, with a focus on how plants were utilized by its inhabitants. In the absence of continuous, high-resolution paleoclimate records from Megiddo or its immediate surroundings, climate records from other nearby locations within the Mediterranean vegetation zone are used to provide a detailed reconstruction of the climate and environment. Archaeobotanical remains collected over the years from excavations at Tel Megiddo are analyzed to understand the use of plants for construction, wooden crafts, and fuel. Additionally, horticultural practices, dietary habits, and the use of plants for medicinal and ritual purposes are revealed.

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Pp. 112-119: “Animal Economy at Megiddo: From the Middle Bronze III to the Iron I” by Lidar Sapir-Hen

This paper explores trends in animal economy in two neighborhoods in Megiddo, between the MB III, when the palace was established in the northwest of the tell, and the Late Iron Age I, when the city was destroyed. Results show that throughout this time span, Area K inhabitants were engaged with production activities, like herding and ploughing, while Area H inhabitants, located near the palace, were provided with animals and their products. At the same time, the two neighborhoods shared the source of livestock animals, implying an internal food production system. The use of animals and their products to establish social disparity demonstrates the urban nature of the site in the discussed periods and emphasizes the central role that livestock animals play in the life of the population.

PLEASE NOTE: This article contains images of human skeletal remains.

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Pp. 120-125: “Megiddo Microgeoarchaeology in the Field and in the Lab” by Ruth Shahack-Gross

Micro-geoarchaeological research at Tel Megiddo targets questions about construction materials, occupation deposits in domestic and public sectors of the city, destruction, abandonment, and postdepositional processes. Since 2006, employing primarily the methods of micromorphology, infrared spectroscopy, phytolith, dung spherulite, and wood ash analysis, significant insights have been gained. This article presents three case studies that show the strength of micro-geoarchaeology for obtaining a general understanding of the history and archaeology of Megiddo’s inhabitants: (1) characterization of domestic trash deposits, (2) characterization of construction materials and the implications for understanding the natural resources that were used by the site’s inhabitants, and (3) understanding the mechanism and processes that took place during Megiddo’s most famous destruction by fire.

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Pp. 126-137: “Megiddo in the Third Millennium BCE: Rise and Fall of Urban Life” by Matthew J. Adams

Megiddo has provided some of the most iconic architecture for the Early Bronze Age Levant, including the well-known Stratum XIX broad-room temple complex and the large round altar of Stratum XVII–XVI, both excavated by the Oriental Institute team in the 1930s. The Tel Aviv University Megiddo Expedition was able to add the Great Temple of the EB I, the largest and most monumental structure of its period in all of the Levant, even rivaling contemporary structures in Egypt and Mesopotamia. This article traces the developments at Megiddo from the end of the fourth millennium to the end of the third, from a temple-centered to a palace-centered society and back again.

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Pp. 138-152: “Megiddo in the Middle Bronze Age: Chronology, Urbanization, and Population” by Matthew J. Adams, Mario A. S. Martin, Zachary Dunseth, Assaf Yasur-Landau, and Israel Finkelstein

This article deals with Middle Bronze Megiddo, emphasizing its importance for understanding this period at the site, and in the entire southern Levant in general. We focus on new evidence for exceptional accumulation of layers for the earliest Middle Bronze layer, radiocarbon dated to the early twentieth century BCE, and for the first fortification system also dated to the twentieth century BCE. We also deal with the complex history of the fortifications, including gates, and the phenomenon of intramural burials, some of them of monumental nature.

PLEASE NOTE: This article contains images of human skeletal remains.

ASOR Members with online access: log into ASOR’s Online Portal here. Once logged in, click the JOURNALS tab in the top navigation bar. Tutorials for how to log in to the Online Portal as well as how to navigate to the Portal Journals page can be found here.

Pp. 154-165: “The Rule of an Empire: Megiddo in the Late Bronze Age” by Mario A. S. Martin and Israel Finkelstein

During the Egyptian empire in the Late Bronze Age Megiddo was the hub of a city-state linked to all areas of the eastern Mediterranean, and its fate was determined by the macro-political events of the time. Early in the period, especially in the aftermath of the Battle of Megiddo in 1457 BCE, the city was in decline. A long spell of revival and prosperity ensued in the fourteenth (Amarna Age) and thirteenth centuries. The twelfth century brought a period of crisis, which caused the downfall of the Late Bronze city in several steps; various quarters were hit at different times and intensity. The final blow is marked by the fiery destruction of the palace district in the early eleventh century, more than a generation after the demise of the Egyptian empire.

ASOR Members with online access: log into ASOR’s Online Portal here. Once logged in, click the JOURNALS tab in the top navigation bar. Tutorials for how to log in to the Online Portal as well as how to navigate to the Portal Journals page can be found here.

McKinley Tech Turns Cemeteries into a Living Classroom

McKinley Tech High School Turns Cemeteries into a Living Classroom

Description provided by the Black Georgetown Foundation
View the Instagram post here

On May 23, over 100 11th graders from McKinley Tech High School (Washington, D.C.) transformed the Mt. Zion – Female Union Band Society Cemeteries into a living classroom—thanks to a teacher-led effort four months in the making. This program, initiated by Alysha Butler and Gabriel Morden-Snipper, featured ten interactive learning stations.

The day began with a moving libation ceremony and a powerful reminder of the land’s history, anchored by Dumbarton House’s 1841 painting featuring Julia Duckett’s wedding—once enslaved, now remembered and buried in the cemeteries. Vernon Ricks, a 1957 McKinley alum and Black Georgetown Foundation board member, shared personal memories of segregation and resilience. He was a member of the first integrated graduating class.

Students rotated through 10 powerful stations

  • Soil testing
  • Invasive species identification and removal (including 7-ft Japanese knotweed!)
  • Photogrammetry
  • Gravestone math & data analysis
  • Narrative writing and commemorative rock painting
  • History tours and descendant storytelling
  • Reflections recorded by the students themselves

At lunch, Vernon Ricks—McKinley Tech Class of 1957, its first integrated class—shared his powerful memories of growing up in segregated Washington.

Special thanks to Meg and Paul from Tour de Force, who not only funded the experience but spent the entire day with us in the field. And to the dedicated volunteers and partners who helped bring the learning to life:

  • Alysha Butler & Gabriel Morden-Snipper – McKinley Tech Faculty Leaders
  • Amy Durbin – Tudor Place
  • Matt Millage – Georgetown BID
  • Jared Koller – ASOR / Archaeologist & Educator
  • Erika Berg – Black Georgetown Volunteer
  • Dumbarton House & Dumbarton Oaks

This wasn’t just a day of service—it was a model for place-based education, community preservation, and student-powered historical inquiry. DC students led with purpose, and history answered back.

More than a field trip, it’s a model of what’s possible when teachers lead the way.

Don’t Miss It! —ASOR’s 125th Anniversary Celebration

Don’t Miss It! —ASOR’s 125th Anniversary Celebration

Boston | November 22, 2025, at 6:45 p.m.

ASOR has turned 125—yes, that’s 125 years old!

And you’re invited to join the celebration by participating in a special dinner event on Saturday night at this year’s Annual Meeting in Boston!

We’ll be kicking off the festive occasion at 6:45 p.m. on Saturday, November 22, 2025, at the Hilton Boston Park Plaza. Join us for an evening of exceptional dining, entertainment, and ASOR-themed activities, featuring speakers who have been integral to ASOR’s mission, as well as an after-dinner dance party, with music provided by DJ Ace E (our very own Asa Eger)! Your presence will help make this milestone truly meaningful.

The evening will also feature live music from the Boston Arabic Music Ensemble. In the early 1980s, a few amateur musicians and friends from the Boston community gathered to play some popular folkloric and other classical songs from the Arabic musical heritage. More recently, the group has evolved into its current members from the Boston community and performs classical and folkloric Arabic musical repertoire. The Boston Arabic Music Ensemble was under the artistic direction of the late maestro Bassam Saba (from 2010 to 2018). Since 2018, it has been led by the award-winning violinists, composers, and educators Bengisu Gökçe, Layth Sidiq, and Akram Haddad.

ASOR’s cost of the dinner is $100. To ensure that everyone can attend, we are offering discount codes for reduced ticket prices of $25 and $50.  Sponsorship tickets are also available, and any ticket purchase above $100 may be tax-deductible. Your contribution will make the evening accessible for everyone. We ask all members to choose the ticket price that they can afford, recognizing that the cost charged by the hotel (without drinks) is $100.

Register Now

Use code SAVE50 for a reduced ticket price of $50, or use code SAVE75 for a reduced ticket price of $25. When purchasing your ticket, please specify your dinner entree choice: beef, chicken, fish, or vegetarian. Tickets must be purchased byNovember 12, and seats are going fast!

Dress code: Cocktail attire/festive, black-tie optional.

Fieldwork Report: Gabbi Graber

Photo of Tel Burna, Israel

Memorized Movement

Gabbi Graber, 2024 Stevan B. Dana Fieldwork Scholarship Recipient

My alarm goes off at 4:50 a.m. and in a blur of confusion it takes a moment to remember that I am not in my bed in Alabama but instead am in a kibbutz in Israel. It’s day four and I have learned and practiced the exact time I need to make sure my bag is packed, coffee is made, and my water bottles are filled. In this flurry of well-practiced movement, everyone silently packs into the same car we’ve ridden in all week to arrive at Tel Burna before 6:00. The Shephelah hills roll around us as we listen to a dramatic Disney soundtrack calling forth nostalgia and lyrics long since memorized. We make the final ascent up to the site as the sun rises behind Tel Burna.

Photo of Tel Burna, Israel

It feels almost instinctual that the first order of business, before the sun even begins to beat down, is to lift and place shade cloths over the open squares. People begin to scatter to their respective spaces as the area supervisor, makes the necessary adjustments for the day and communicates with the square supervisors. Seamless rotations of who is picking and who is cleaning allow for needed water breaks as the level of ground slowly lowers. As we dig, our eyes become better at spotting the indicative sherds from the body sherds. A sharp jar goes up my elbow as I hit the stone that will be the first evidence of a wall cutting straight through our square. A loud voice breaks us from the focus, and everyone grabs their preferred breakfast items knowing what will sit well with still four more hours of digging. As I work with a patishe, I listen to the conversation of the Dig Director, area supervisor, and my square supervisor about the pattern of the walls and where we will need to open a new square. I check my watch and with not much time left to dig in the day I swiftly switch to sweeping the square starting in a corner to move cohesively with the others in my unit. What I thought was bedrock on day one I now know to be the packed dirt we will remove tomorrow. Many hands make the end of the day move faster as we organize tools, lower shade cloths, and pack up the cars. The drive back to the kibbutz involves more singing of childhood songs, laughing at inside jokes, and wistful longings of a post-dig ice cream.

Photo of Tel Burna, Israel

We each grab a brush and bucket of pottery, and I am always drawn to a bucket that was from the square I dug. Pottery washing clumps us back together as we recall different sherds and the squares they came from. Every ear is bent towards the main table where the experts sit examining and reading pottery as the square supervisors talk through their square. They casually lift a sherd and quickly place it in its period. This leaves volunteers and students alike astounded at the practiced eye of a well-seasoned archaeologist able to date a sherd by touch and sight alone.

Photo of Tel Burna, Israel

Dirt washed down the drain and feeling slightly more human, we again hop in the cars and hike up a new tell with new site lines that help explain the importance of the geographical placement of Tel Burna within its valley system. The day has been long and full, and dinner can switch quickly between laughter and silent, tired camaraderie. Dirt mustaches, sweat stains, repeat outfits, and tired conversations bond a group that is half repeat diggers and brand-new strangers.

Photo of Tel Burna, Israel

To think that I knew none of this a mere four days ago is astounding. There is still much to learn and as I heard well-experienced archaeologists in the field say “we’ve never seen this before” or I think about potentially being a square supervisor in the future. A mere four days ago I did not know what a tag was, and now I have the license number memorized. And while the pick does not feel comfortable in my hand it feels more natural that it did on Monday. I knew as soon as my first day in the field was over that I wanted to spend more days, months, summers, and years becoming seasoned and trained in this profession, for each day on site becomes a day of new discoveries in the art of what becomes practiced and perfected memorized movement.

Photo of Tel Burna, Israel

Gabbi Graber is a recent M.A. graduate from Jerusalem University College studying Biblical History and Geography and will begin her Ph.D. in Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology at Lipscomb University this fall.

Want to help more students and early career archaeologists get into the field? Donate to the cause today by selecting “Fieldwork Scholarships” as your gift purpose!