April 2022
Vol. 10, No. 4
Scarabs in Pre-Roman Italy
By Enrico Giovanelli
Scarabs are a quintessentially Egyptian type of artifact. So how did they come to be a popular item in early first millennium BCE tombs in Italy? And why did so many come from Rhodes? Read More
The Social Context of Writing in Ancient Ugarit
By Philip Boyes
Writing creates physical objects using communications systems. But it is also a social act. What does the multiplicity of languages at the Late Bronze Age site of Ugarit tell us about people and identities? Read More
The Concept of Music in Ancient Mesopotamia
By Daniel Sánchez Muñoz
We know something about how Mesopotamian music sounded but what did they think about music? Not surprisingly, texts describing the great dedication music required are about kings. Read More
When ‘Dumb’ Beasts Raise Their Voices: Speaking Animals in Ancient Graeco-Roman and Near Eastern Literature
By Hedwig Schmalzgruber
Animals that speak appear regularly in ancient literature. What sorts of things did they say that could not be spoken by mere humans? Read More
