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Image
Guidelines for Publication
General
Principles
Materials
We Can Work With
Computer-Generated
Illustrations
Resolution
Communicating
Your Preferences
Preparing
Images for "Camera-Ready" Copy
The
term illustration refers to a variety of materials such
as line drawings, paintings, photographs, charts, graphs,
and maps. Tables, since they are set in type rather than
reproduced from artwork, are not considered illustrations.
In a book in which tables occur they are separately listed
in the preliminary pages and separately numbered. Artwork
containing only blacks and whites, with no shading is called
line art or line copy. Examples are a pen-and-ink drawing,
or a bar chart. Artwork that does contain shading, such
as a painting, a wash drawing, or a photograph, is known
as halftone copy.
General
Principles
Authors
should remember the following principles when dealing with
illustrations:
1.
Placement and numbering. An illustration should be placed
as close as possible to the first text reference to
it, or after that point but not before it. To show placement
the author writes (for example) "fig. 1 here" or simply
"fig. 1" in the margin of the manuscript at the best
place for the illustration, encircling the words so
they will not be set by mistake. The editor must later
see that these directions are transferred to the text
proofs, as a guide to the printer in making up the pages.
2.
Physical handling. Never use staples to attach anything
to a photograph or piece of artwork. Never use paper
clips either, unless they are padded with several thicknesses
of paper to prevent scratching or indentation. Except
for crop marks make no marks of any kind
on the front of the copy: use a tissue
overlay or write on the back. When labeling your photographs,
use either with a soft pencil, or write on stickers
(such as a Post-It notes) before affixing them to the
back.
3.
Permissions. Illustrative material in copyright, whether
published or unpublished, requires permission of the
copyright owner before it can be reproduced. It is the
author's responsibility, not the publisher's, to make
sure what is in copyright and to obtain permission to
reproduce it.
4.
Photographs should be submitted as black and white glossies
and identified on the back with a figure number.
5.
Line copy should be done in black ink on white paper.
Submit the original line copy and not a photocopy. Make
sure the line copy has an appropriate caption, provided
on a separate sheet of paper.
6.
Include a separate sheet indicating the number and placement
of photographs with the manuscript.
7.
For other questions regarding illustrations, such as
cropping and scaling, refer to The Chicago Manual
of Style. For guidelines on how to produce good
line copy, see David Ford, "The Nature of Clarity in
Archaeological Line Drawings," Journal of Field Archaeology
20 (1993) 319-33.
In general,
images sent to us should be:
As
close to the original source as practical. For example,
a drawing will reproduce better than a photograph of a drawing,
and an original computer illustration will often reproduce
better than the printout of the illustration. (An exception
is 35mm film. Prints are much easier to work with than negatives.)
As
close to the intended print size as practical. There
is a limit to how much we can enlarge an illustration without
losing quality. (Vector art, e.g., Illustrator files, are
an exception to this.) Please send illustrations that are
approximately the same size as you would like them printed.
You're welcome to send larger ones, and have them reduced,
but please keep in mind that anything larger than 8.5 x
11" will either have to be scanned in several sections
and reassembled--an imprecise process at best--or sent out
to a service bureau at an additional expense.
Materials
We Can Work With
Photographs.
Photographs generally reproduce very well, and are easy
to work with. Both color and black-and-white prints are
welcome. The chief advantage of sending us black and white
prints is that you will have a good idea of how they will
look when reproduced. If you wish to have a photo cropped
in a certain way, please send us cropping instructions on
a separate sheet of paper or overlay rather than cutting
or marking on the photograph itself. Many of our customers
find it convenient to photocopy the photograph, and write
and draw on the photocopy. If you choose to use an overlay
sheet, be careful not to draw too hard; the dents do show
up on the scanner.
Photo
CD. If you are sending us a large number of photographs,
and your photofinisher provides the service, a photo CD
can be an excellent way to send us images. It is important,
however, to make sure that the resolution is adequate. We
reproduce photographs at 300 ppi (pixels per inch), and
lineart at 1000. Practically speaking, a 600 x 800 scan
might fill a PC screen nicely, but it would only print at
a size of about two and a half inches. Choose the highest
resolution available when ordering your CD.
Lineart.
Lineart consists of drawings, illustrations and other material
that is intended to be reproduced in black and white, with
no gray tones. Most technical illustrations fall under this
category. For best results, please provide crisp black and
white originals, such as camera-ready copy, laser prints
and high-quality photocopies. Printouts from ink-jet printers
is less desirable, as the lines are often jagged or show
banding, but we are able to work with these, as well. Artwork
created with a typewriter or printed on a dot-matrix printer
will probably have to be recreated by our graphic artist.
Slides,
negatives, and transparencies. Transparencies generally
reproduce very well. Slides offer some unique challenges,
namely enlargement and exposure. Currently, we cannot enlarge
a slide more than 500% without significant loss of quality;
in practical terms, an average 35 mm slide should not be
reproduced larger than 6 or 7 inches. Slides are also notorious
for being under- or
over-exposed. Because of the scanning equipment, there is
less that we can do to correct the exposure. If there are
a large number of slides (20 or more), we usually send them
out to a service bureau. If you are trying to decide whether
to send us slides or prints, prints are usually a better
choice. Because slides can just as easily be scanned from
either side, a note about which way the figure should face
is always appreciated.
Photocopies.
We understand that sometimes photocopies are unavoidable.
It is, however, worth your time to make the trip to a professional,
well-maintained photocopy center when making photocopies
of lineart. The time and money spent at this stage will
more than repay itself by avoiding the expensive reconstruction
of your images. Gray areas, streaks, creases, handwritten
remarks and the like will all have to be removed by our
graphic artist—this is not something that our computers
can do automatically. Photocopies of photographs reproduce
very poorly.
Previously
Printed Photographs and Artwork. Photographs that have appeared
in other publications can often be rescanned, although results
are rarely as good as the original photograph. The main
factor in this matter is the linescreen, or how fine the
dots are that make up the photograph. Fine-art photographs
on coated paper often come out quite well; conversely, coarse
images printed on newsprint typically fare poorly—at
best, they will be as good as the newspaper photograph.
If you do use material that have appeared in other publications,
it is your responsibility to acquire any necessary permissions.
Maps.
Maps are frequently troublesome, largely because of the
addition of shading, and even more so when corrections must
be made to them. Commercially available, pre-printed maps
reproduce best when we have the original, rather than a
photocopy. If you wish to use a map that you have created
yourself, you will get the best results if you let us do
the shading for you, or provide the computer files (e.g.,
Illustrator or Photoshop) that you used to create them.
This not only ensures that the map will print well, but
it also makes it much easier should there be a need to make
corrections to the text.
Computer-Generated
Illustrations
We support
the following programs and formats:
Photoshop
(All Versions). Where you have used layers to create your
illustration, please leave the layers intact instead of
flattening the image. Preferred Formats: .psd, .tiff, .eps,
.jpg (save at "Max Quality). See notes on resolution.
Illustrator
(All versions). Where you have used layers to create your
illustration, please leave the layers intact instead of
flattening the image. Preferred Formats: .ai, .eps, .tiff
. See notes on resolution.
PageMaker
(All versions)
QuarkXPress (All versions)
Microsoft
Word. Text files are supported. Illustrations created
in programs such as Microsoft Word often have problems in
translation, and thus we cannot promise how well it will
turn out. We can attempt to use these, but you should provide
clean, quality printouts for scanning, as well.
Windows
.BMP. Often these files are very low resolution and are
a poor choice for illustration purposes.
We do
not directly support the following programs and formats,
but you may save the file as an .eps or .tiff, and provide
clean, quality printouts in case we need to scan: FreeHand,
CorelDraw, AutoCAD
Our
preferred format for images is TIFF and EPS. If you have
a file in another format, please feel free to ask any questions
about what we can work with.
Resolution
We reproduce
photos at a resolution of 300 dpi, and lineart at 1000-1200
dpi. Where both grayscale and lineart exist in the same
illustration (e.g., maps) please provide graphics at the
higher resolution. TIFF, EPS, and native file formats are
preferred. JPG files of adequate resolution are also acceptable,
provided that they are not overly compressed--wherever possible,
the "Quality" setting should be set to "12"
or "Maximum". JPG files taken from the Web and
video camera stills generally do not reproduce well, as
they are very low (72 dpi) resolution.
Communicating
Your Preferences
Scale,
Juxtaposition and Other Preferences. We're glad to receive
suggestions and requests from our authors on the placement
and relationships of the supplied artwork. For example,
if it would be best to have two certain photographs facing
each other on a spread, we'll do our best to accomodate
that request. Or, say, if pot sherd A is twice as large
as pot sherd B, and you think it would be beneficial to
have them reproduced at their relative sizes, we can do
this as well. Clarity and flexibility are very desirable
in these instructions, as are well-defined priorities. If
a certain visual relationship is vital, please indicate
it as such; if the instruction is simply a suggestion, we
appreciate knowing this, as well. If you wish to have a
photo cropped in a certain way, please send us cropping
instructions on a separate sheet of paper or overlay. Please
do not cut or mark on the photograph itself. Many of our
customers find it convenient to photocopy the photograph,
and write and draw on the photocopy. If you choose to use
an overlay sheet, be careful not to draw too hard; dents
do show up.
Preparing
Illustrations for "Camera-Ready" Copy
For
detailed instructions on the preparation of images for "camera-ready"
copy, click here.
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