At Tell en-Nasbeh (Mizpah), W. F Bade uncovered a two-chamber gate at the northeast corner of the site and a four-chamber gate on the east side. The relationship of these gates to each other, and to the offset-inset wall of King Asa of Judah, has puzzled scholars. Most have assumed that the four-chamber gate was never completed or only functioned as the settlement's gate until an Assyrian destruction in 701 B.C. It is more likely that the two gates are a single, Inner-Outer Gate complex, built by Asa in the ninth century B.C., which functioned until the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem in 586, after which the four-chamber gate was replaced by new constructions associated with the transformation of Mizpah into an administrative center under Gedaliah. The two-chamber gate functioned until the fifth century B. C. Fresh evaluations of the topography in the intergate area, the site's stratigraphy and in situ ceramic deposits are marshaled to support this theory.

This article summarizes the results of excavations at Gerasa carried out by a Spanish team over an eight-year period beginning in 1983. The archaeological team discovered a building in the southwestern sector of the Gerasa cardo maximum and identified it as a macellum or Roman food market. Archaeological evidence proves that the macellum, was constructed in the first part of the second century A.D. The building's function changed over a period of approximately seven centuries, beginning in the second century A.D. (Roman period) and extending until the eighth century (Early Islamic period). Of special interest is the use of the ancient market as an industrial area during the Late Byzantine period (late fifth-sixth centuries A.D.).

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